Indian model of the federation is closer to that of which of the foll...
US model is based on powerful states. USSR was based on an authoritarian centre. Canada is a federal country with a Union bias, the same as India.
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Indian model of the federation is closer to that of which of the foll...
The Indian model of federation is closer to that of Canada. This can be explained as follows:
Features of Indian federalism:
1. Division of powers: There is a clear demarcation of powers between the Centre and the States, with each having its own sphere of authority.
2. Written Constitution: The Constitution of India clearly lays down the powers and functions of the Centre and the States.
3. Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and all governments, both at the Centre and the States, are bound by it.
4. Independent Judiciary: The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary to interpret and enforce the Constitution and adjudicate disputes between the Centre and the States.
5. Residuary Powers: Unlike the US model, where the residuary powers are vested with the Centre, the Indian Constitution vests these powers with the States.
6. Flexible Constitution: The Indian Constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority of the Parliament, unlike the US Constitution, which requires a much higher threshold.
Features of Canadian federalism:
1. Division of powers: Like India, Canada has a clear division of powers between the Centre and the Provinces.
2. Written Constitution: The Canadian Constitution is also a written one, with clear provisions on the powers of the Centre and the Provinces.
3. Independent Judiciary: Like India, Canada also has an independent judiciary to interpret and enforce the Constitution.
4. Residuary Powers: The Canadian Constitution vests residuary powers with the Provinces.
5. Flexibility: The Canadian Constitution can also be amended by a two-thirds majority of the Parliament, like India.
In contrast, the USSR model of federalism was highly centralized, with the Centre having all the power and the Republics having very limited autonomy. The US model, while also having a clear division of powers, vests more powers with the Centre and has a more rigid Constitution that is difficult to amend. Hence, the Indian model of federalism is closer to that of Canada than that of the USSR or the US.
Indian model of the federation is closer to that of which of the foll...
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